Risk Stratification for Tuberculosis Reactivation in Patients Receiving Biological and Non-biological Immunomodulators: A Review of Current Literature.

Qiaoling Ruan¹, Qingluan Yang², Ci Chu², Feiran Zhou², Yixuan Yang², Qianqian Liu², Jingyu Zhou², Zhijie Qin², Mengqing Qian², Haoxin Xu², Zenghui Zhang², Jibin Xin³, Jun Ying⁴, Wenhong Zhang⁵

¹Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infectious & Immunity, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: qlruan07@fudan.edu.cn.

²Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China.

³Fudan University Library, Shanghai 200433, China; Big Health Informatics Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

⁴Fudan University Library, Shanghai 200433, China; Big Health Informatics Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Evidence-based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

⁵Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infectious & Immunity, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: zhangwenhong@fudan.edu.cn.

PubMed DOI

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a critical global health concern, with about one-quarter of the world's population having an immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). These individuals are at risk of developing TB disease when their immune function is reduced. Given the increasing use of immunosuppressive agents, including biological and non-biological immunomodulators, the risk of latent TB…

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