Health AI Central
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Endocr Relat Cancer2026September 7, 2026Journal Article

Distinct molecular profiles of indeterminate and malignant thyroid nodules in patients under 21 years of age.

Julio C Ricarte-Filho1, Luz Castellanos2, Steven G Waguespack2, Julian Bryan3, Mohammed Alshalalfa4, Taylor B Cavazos4, Yang Chen4, Andrew Bauer1, Joshua P Klopper4, Richard T Kloos4, Aime T Franco1
1Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA, USA.
2Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA.
3Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA.
4Veracyte, Inc. , South San Francisco, CA, USA.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

Although uncommon, thyroid nodules (TN) in pediatric and young adult patients carry higher malignancy risk and often present with a high burden of metastatic disease than adults. The molecular features underlying this distinct clinical behavior remain unclear. We analyzed Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier (GSC) data from 283,621 TN, comparing patients <21 and ≥21 years. Cytology (Bethesda), GSC…

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