Health AI Central
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Climacteric2026;1-21.September 9, 2026Journal Article

Chronic pain at midlife.

Angela Mailis1,2, Seng Bing Ang3,4,5, Tania Di Renna6,7, Marina Marks Kazatsker8, E Anne MacGregor9,10, Giulia Misasi11, Juliana Poli8, Tommaso Simoncini11, Wendy Wolfman8, Rossella E Nappi12,13
1Pain & Wellness Centre, Maple, ON, Canada.
2Division of Physiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
3Singhealth Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Family Medicine Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
4Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
5Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
6Toronto Academic Pain Medicine Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
7Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
8Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Weston and O'Born Centre for Mature Women's Health and POI, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
9Centre for Reproductive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.
10Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
11Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
12Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
13Unit of Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

Chronic pain disproportionately affects women and reproductive milestones influence its clinical manifestation. Mechanistic pathways underlying pain are determined by numerous biopsychosocial factors, the most important being age, hormonal changes and mental health. Menopause-related changes in estradiol interact bidirectionally with musculoskeletal degeneration, neuro-immune sensitization, neuroe…

Create a free account to keep reading

Free members get 10 full research views every month across publications, clinical trials, FDA clearances, adverse events, and NIH grants. No credit card required.

Create Free AccountSign In

Want unlimited research access? See Pro plans

Data Accuracy Notice: Research intelligence on Health AI Central is aggregated from public sources (PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, FDA, NIH, CMS, and others) and refreshed nightly. Classifications and derived metrics are produced by automated methods described in our Methodology. We recommend verifying critical data points against the primary sources before making decisions.