Peer-Reviewed Publication
Cancer Commun (Lond)2026;460046.January 1, 2026Journal Article

The PROM1+SMAD5+ Tumor-Initiating Subpopulation Shapes Premetastatic Niches through Spatial Multi-Omics Landscapes in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

Huijing Yin1, Wei Wang2, Jing Ge3, Guangjian Fan1, Jichao Shi4, Ye Tian5, Deping Kong1, Fanyi Zhang2, Jing Wei6, Hongrui Zhan7, Zhenyu Xu7, Jintong Ge7, Shuwei Wang7, Zhiming Zhang7, Yunna Zheng7, Zhifa Zhu7, Qingzhen Zi7, Xiaohua Yao7, Yanting Ding7, Bo Song7, Ruizhi Li7, Liming Fan7, Hao Yin7, Yinghao Jiang8, Shaoqian Zhang9, Xingning Fu10, Jing Wang11, Yan Zhou12, Haihua Xue13, Yannan Qiu13, Ling Ge14, Yuqin Yang15, Yinhui Jin15, Binbin Lou16, Shuning Ding2, Tao Zhang17,18, Denghui Wei19, Li Zhu2
1Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
2Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
3Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
4School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
5Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
6Becton Dickinson Medical Devices (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China.
7OE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China.
8Shanghai Maihui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China.
9Akoya Biosciences, Marlborough, MA, USA.
10Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, P. R. China.
11Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
12Central Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
13Accuramed Biotechnology Co., Limited, Shanghai, P. R. China.
14Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
15Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
16Stomatology Department, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
17Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
18Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, P. R. China.
19State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.

Abstract

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer exhibits high metastatic potential, linked not only to intrinsic cancer cell traits but also to critical crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment. However, the coevolutionary mechanisms between cancer cells and multiple stromal subpopulations in driving distant metastasis remain poorly understood. Therefore, this s…

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