Peer-Reviewed Publication
MethodsX2026;17104146.December 1, 2026Journal Article

Thermophoresis effects on Sn-W/ C₃H₈O₂ nanomaterial using intelligent neuro-computing paradigm: Yamada-Ota model.

Muhammad Kamran1,2,3, Zafar Rakhmanov4, Mustafa Inc5,6, Saba Liaqat7, Munawar Abbas5,8,9, Hakim Al Garalleh10, Zuhair Jastaneyah11, Mohamed Hafez2,12
1Center for Digital Transformation and Artificial Intelligence Research, Bahçeşehir Cyprus University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia, Turkey.
2Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surviving, INTI International University Colleges, Nilai, Malaysia.
3International Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
4School of Exact Sciences, National Pedagogical University of Uzbekistan named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
5Department of Mathematics, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkiye.
6Department of Mathematics, Khazar University, Baku, AZ, 1096, Azerbaijan.
7Department of Computer Engineering, Biruni University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey.
8Mechanics and Mathematics Department of the Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
9Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
10Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah, 21361, Saudi Arabia.
11Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah, 21361, Saudi Arabia.
12Faculty of Management, Shinawatra University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.

Abstract

The Yamada-Ota thermal conductivity model, along with an intelligent neuro-computing paradigm, is commonly used to study the thermophysical behavior of Sn-W/C₃H₈O₂ nanomaterials during thermophoresis and Soret-Dufour effects. The concept has numerous applications, including electronic device cooling, solar energy systems, thermal energy storage, chemical reactors, biomedical heat transfer, and nan…

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