Health AI Central
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Water Res2026;305126301.October 15, 2026Journal Article

Environmental factors and sources influencing Cryptosporidium river concentrations: A data-rich spatio-temporal analysis using explainable AI.

Alan L Smalley1, Isabel Douterelo2, Michael Chipps3, James D Shucksmith4
1School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK. Electronic address: alan.smalley@sheffield.ac.uk.
2School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK. Electronic address: i.douterelo@sheffield.ac.uk.
3Thames Water Research, Development and Innovation, Kempton Park AWTW, Hanworth TW13 6XH, UK. Electronic address: michael.chipps@thameswater.co.uk.
4School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK. Electronic address: j.shucksmith@sheffield.ac.uk.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

Cryptosporidium is a waterborne parasite which poses significant risks to drinking water safety. Despite its importance, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the effect of catchment characteristics and environmental conditions on the scale and timing of Cryptosporidium concentrations in rivers. This paper performs a spatio-temporal analysis of the environmental factors influencing Cryptospor…

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